Tuesday, February 23, 2010

Define Computer Ethics, Code of Ethics, Intellectual Property, Privacy, Computer Crime and Cyber Law.

Computer ethics is a system of moral standards or values used as a guideline for computer users.
A code of ethics often focuses on social issues. It may set out general principles about an organization's beliefs on matters such as mission, quality, privacy or the environment. It may delineate proper procedures to determine whether a violation of the code of ethics has occurred and, if so, what remedies should be imposed. The effectiveness of such codes of ethics depends on the extent to which management supports them with sanctions and rewards. Violations of a private organization's code of ethics usually can subject the violator to the organization's remedies (such as restraint of trade based on moral principles). The code of ethics links to and gives rise to a code of conduct for employees.


Intellectual Property refers to works created by inventors, authors and artists. These works are unique and have value in the market place. In our daily lives, we are surrounded by things that are protected by IP. Your school bags, your shoes and even your socks are protected by Intellectual Property rights. Nike, Bata or Adidas, for example, are all protected by a group of legal rights.


Privacy in IT refers to data and information privacy. Data refers to a collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures and symbols. Then, computer is used to process data into information. In general, data include texts, numbers, sounds, images and video. Information privacy is described as the rights of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them.


Computer crime or cybercrime is a form of crime where the Internet or computers are used as a medium to commit crime. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, child pornography, and child grooming. There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is lost or intercepted, lawfully or otherwise.
Computer crime encompass a broad range of potentially illegal activities. Generally, however, it may be divided into one of two types of categories:



(1) crimes that target computer networks or devices directly;
(2) crimes facilitated by computer networks or devices, the primary target of which is independent of the computer network or device.



Cyberlaw is a term that encapsulates the legal issues related to use of communicative, transactional, and distributive aspects of networked information devices and technologies. It is less a distinct field of law in the way that property or contract are, as it is a domain covering many areas of law and regulation. Some leading topics include intellectual property, privacy, freedom of expression, and jurisdiction.

Sunday, February 21, 2010

The differences between computerised and non-computerised systems

COMPUTERISED AND NON-COMPUTERISED SYSTEMS

COMPUTER SYSTEM

A system is an arrangement of elements that when it is put together it becomes an organised and established procedure. A system typically consists of components connected together in order to facilitate the flow of information, matter or energy.

A computer system consists of a set of hardware and software which processes data in a meaningful way.

EDUCATION
• education is the science of teaching and learning of specific skills
• it also imparts knowledge, good judgement and wisdom

BANKING SYSTEM

BANKING BEFORE ICT
• banking was done manually by taking deposits directly
• transactions can only be made during working hours
• takes time to approve any loan applications

BANKING WITH ICT
• all transactions are done by computers
• transaction can be done at anytime and place
• online services, phone banking system, credit cards are available

INDUSTRY

INDUSTRY BEFORE ICT
Production was slow because everything was done manually and totally depended on human labour.

INDUSTRY WITH ICT
Computers and telecommunications industry became very opular and profitable since production can be increased through an all day operation.

COMMERCE

Commerce is an activity of exchanging, buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place to place.

COMMERCE BEFORE ICT
• Trading was made using the barter system and it was then later developed
into currency.
• Advertisement was in the form of word of mouth, billboards and printed
flyers.
• Trading globally was extremely slow, late and expensive. Traders had to find
ways to market local products in the global market.

COMMERCE WITH ICT
E-commerce plays an important role in the economic scene. It includes distribution, buying, selling and servicing products that are done electronically.

The Usage of ICT In Everyday Life

EDUCATION

Today, most schools and higher educational institutions
have computers in the classroom for teacher and students.
In education, teachers, students, researchers and school
administrators benefits from the usage of ICT.

BANKING

The computer is the nerve centre of the banking system around the world. It functions to control the entire banking system that also includes 'Electronic Banking Services'.

Electronic banking provides 24 hour services. The services include:

• Automated Teller Machine (ATM)
• Cheque Deposit
• Electronic Fund Tranfer
• Direct Deposit
• Pay by phone system
• Personal computer banking/ internet banking


In the banking sector, customers, businessman and bank administrator benefits from the usage of ICT.



INDUSTRY

Computers are used to facilitate production planning and control systems, to support chain management and to help in product design in the industrial sector.In the industrial sector ,workers, researchers and administrator benefits from the usage of ICT.


E-COMMERCE

E-commerce helps in boosting the economy.
It makes buying and selling activities easier,
more efficient and faster. For this application,
computers, Internet and shared software are needed.


In the e-commerce sector ,customers r, suppliers and employees benefits from the usage of ICT.

Saturday, February 13, 2010

Define ICT



ICT (Information, communication and technologies) is the technlogy required for information processing, in particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert store, protect, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.

According to the European Commission, the importance of ICTs lies less in the technology itself than in its ability to create greater access to information and communication in underserved populations. Many countries around the world have established organizations for the promotion of ICTs, because it is feared that unless less technologically advanced areas have a chance to catch up, the increasing technological advances in developed nations will only serve to exacerbate the already-existing economic gap between technological "have" and "have not" areas. Internationally, the United Nations actively promotes ICTs for Development as a means of bridging the digital divide.

Paper ICT PK 1



I think paper ICT for PK 1 is quite difficult to answer.. but i still could answer it. Bwahahaha!!
Hmmhmm .. There was some questions that I couldn't answer properly. At first,I found the ICT paper was kinda easy for me.. But, when I reached at the middle I feel like I want to kill myself because that question supposed to be easy for me to answer but I didn't expected that questions would be very difficult for me to answer. However, I really hope that I can get A even A- for ICT paper because I think this paper is more easier than Add Math paper.. But, if I didn't get A for this ICT paper.., I hope teacher didn't get angry with me because my English is still very poor.. That's why I can't answer the question properly. I'm so sorry teacher.. T_T So, I hope anyone who read my blog will pray for my success.. Thank You everyone..

Saturday, February 6, 2010

Define hacking and give an example of hacking activity.

Hacking refers to the re-configuring or re-programming of a system to function in ways not facilitated by the owner, administrator, or designer. The term(s) have several related meanings in the technology and computer science fields, wherein a "hack" may refer to a clever or quick fix to a computer program problem, or to what may be perceived to be a clumsy or inelegant (but usually relatively quick) solution to a problem.

The terms "hack" and "hacking" are also used to refer to a modification of a program or device to give the user access to features that were otherwise unavailable, such as DIY circuit bending. It is from this usage that the term "hacking" is often incorrectly used to refer to more nefarious criminal uses such as identity theft, credit card fraud or other actions categorized as computer crime; there being a distinction between security breaking and hacking, a better term for security breaking would be "cracking".

Define ‘computer theft and give an example of an activity that reflects computer theft.

Computer theft is a common example is when a person starts to steal information from sites, or cause damage to, a computer or computer network. This can be entirely virtual in that the information only exists in digital form, and the damage, while real, has no physical consequence other than the machine ceases to function. In some legal systems, intangible property cannot be stolen and the damage must be visible, e.g. as resulting from a blow from a hammer. Where human-centric terminology is used for crimes relying on natural language skills and innate gullibility, definitions have to be modified to ensure that fraudulent behavior remains criminal no matter how it is committed.

A computer can be a source of evidence. Even though the computer is not directly used for criminal purposes, it is an excellent device for record keeping, particularly given the power to encrypt the data. If this evidence can be obtained and decrypted, it can be of great value to criminal investigators.

Friday, February 5, 2010

Why I chose ICT rather than PA and Biology?



Why I chose ICT rather than PA and Biology?
Maksudnya, kenapa saya pilih ICT daripada PA dan Biology...??
Sebabnya, saya memang suka subjek ini kalau nak dibandingkan dengan subjek PA dan Biology. Sebab yang paling utama sekali ialah saya tak berapa suka mengira. Sebab yang kedua pula ialah disebabkan saya tidak berapa nak suka subjek sains terutamanya Biology. Saya pun tak tahu kenapa saya tak suka subjek ni.
Tambahan lagi, subjek ICT memang menarik. Masa saya kecil lagi saya sudah dididik untuk belajar menggunakan komputer. Sejak itulah saya jatuh cinta pandang pertama pada komputer. Ia seperti ada aura yang begitu kuat untuk menarik saya supaya tidak meninggalkan komputer tersebut walaupun untuk seketika sahaja sehingga kadangkala melalaikan saya sendidri.
Walaubagaimanapun, ICT ada juga faedahnya. Pada saya, ICT banyak membantu saya untuk menyiapkan tugasan yang diberikan oleh guru seperti transkripsi B. Melayu dan juga B. Inggeris. Bukan setakat transkripsi sahaja, malah penggunaan ICT membantu saya untuk menyiapkan karangan yang diberikan oleh guru. Terutamanya setelah saya naik ke tingkatan 4. Guru B. Melayu saya iaitu En. Nordin suka sangat memberi karangan yang sukar. Bukan sekadar sukar, tetapi karangan tersebut mestilah melebihi daripada 4 muka surat dan peribahasa tidak kurang daripada 4. Oleh sebab itulah saya kata ICT banyak membantu sya dalam menyiapkan kerja rumah saya.
Kesimpulannya, ICT banyak memudahkan tugasan seharian saya walaupun ia kadangkala melalaikan saya.